ORGANIZATION & MANAGEMENT

Organization

• Collection of people
• Common Goal ( profit, survival, grouth, services)
• Coordinated Effort
• Division of Labour/Specialization
• Resources
• Structure
• Technology
• Dynamic

Definition of Organization

       Organization is an association of two or more individual working together in a co-ordinate manner to achieve common rule. It is a collection of people working together in a proper division of labour to achieve a common purpose. Every organization has it's own resources, structure and technology. It operates in a dynamic environment.

Expert Definition: 

• According to Rubbins and Decenzo, organization is a systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose.

• According to Ricky Griffin,  organization is a group of people working together in structure and coordinated fation to achieve a set of rules.

Features of an Organization

1. Goal Oriented
2. Collection of People
3. Structure
4. Technology
5. Continuity 
6. Environment
   

 1. Goals Oriented :

            Goals provide reason for the excient of organization goals are the desire ends for which all the activites of an organization are directed. They provided direction and guide actions of the organization. Goals can be single or multiple of the organization. Goals can be single or multiple.

For Example: Profit, Survival, Welfare, Service etc..

2. Collection of People :

            Organization is a human association which consists of two or more people different activities are perform by there people. Social interaction that produces a synergy effort to achive goal.

3. Structures : 

            - Differentiation

            - Integration 

            

            Several activities are perform by an organization to achieve goal. Structure refers to the division of these activities in two different units and positions and also defined their relationship.

        I. Differentiation : Differentiation is concern with the division of activities into different units and position. The work is subdivided into task to achieve specialization. The responsibility is assigned to every individual on the basis of their skills, ability and experienced. A hierarchy of authority is established.

         

        II. Integration : Integration refers to the coordination between different position and departments to find out the uniformity of action and harmonization of effort.

4. Technology :

             - simplifies activities 

             - increases efficiency

             - reduced cost

             Technology refers to the knowledge, skill and procedure required to perform certain activities. Every organization is certain technology to convert row materials into finished product. The use of appropriate technology into a job helps to developed working efficiency and also minimizes the cost of output.

5. Continuity :

          Continuity refers to a long term existence of an organization and organization when established continues its existence and operation even why changing its structure, membership, objectives according to the requirement and with the changing environment. 

6. Environment :

           Organization exist and operate in dynamic environment. It has internal and external environment. Internal environment is the working environment of an organization. The forces in the external environment are political economic sociocultural and technology. The change in these forces influence the organization activities to achieve its goals.